Ngokusekwe kwimbali yeshishini leBhanki yase-US, yintoni umahluko phakathi kombolekisi we-mortgage kunye nebhanki yokuthengisa?
11/21/2022
Imbali yeBhanki yase-US
Ngowe-1838, iUnited States yamisela uMthetho wokuBhankisha waMahala, owavumela uphuhliso lwasimahla lwecandelo lezemali lokuqala.
Ngelo xesha, nabani na owayene-$100,000 wayenokuyivula ibhanki.
Ishishini lebhanki livumele amashishini axubileyo, iibhanki zorhwebo zikwazi ukujongana neentengiselwano zemali-mboleko, kodwa zibandakanyeke kwibhanki yotyalo-mali kunye ne-inshurensi, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhanki azizange zithathe iidiphozithi kubagcini, kodwa zithathe imali yabagcini-mali ukwenza utyalo-mali oluyingozi.
Ke ngoko, inani leebhanki zase-US likhule ngokukhawuleza, lutsalwa ziimfuno zokungena eziyekelelayo kunye nezibonelelo ezinkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwecandelo leebhanki, ukunqongophala kwemigangatho efanayo kunye nohlolo kukhokelele kwisiphithiphithi kwicandelo leebhanki.
Ngexesha lokuDodobala Okukhulu kwe-1929, xa iibhanki ngokungakhathali zasebenzisa imali yabagcini-mali kutyalo-mali oluyingozi, ukuwa kwe-stock market yase-US kwabangela ukuba iibhanki ziqhube kwiibhanki, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-9,000 yeebhanki zasilela kwiminyaka emithathu-umsebenzi oxubileyo othathwa njengowona mba mkhulu. ekuqaliseni ukuDodobala okuKhulu.
Ngomnyaka we-1933, iCongress yenza uMthetho we-Glass-Steagall, owawunqanda ukusebenza okuxubileyo ngamabhanki kwaye yahlula ngokungqongqo imisebenzi yeebhanki zotyalo-mali kunye neebhanki zorhwebo, oku kuthetha ukuba iidiphozithi ezithathwe kwiibhanki zorhwebo zinokuba ngumngcipheko ophantsi.
I-JP Morgan Bank njengoko sisazi ukuba nayo kwafuneka yahlulwe yaba yi-JP Morgan Bank kunye ne-Morgan Stanley Investment Bank ngelo xesha.
Ngeli xesha, icandelo lebhanki laseMelika lingene kwisigaba sokwahlukana.
Ngeli xesha, ishishini lebhanki liqhube ishishini elimanyeneyo, kwaye zombini umda weshishini kunye nobukhulu beshishini bathintelwa kwinqanaba elithile.
NgoDisemba ka-1999, uMthetho we-Financial Services Modernization Act wapasiswa e-US, ususa imida phakathi kweebhanki, amaziko okhuseleko kunye namaziko e-inshurensi ngokomda woshishino, ophela phantse iminyaka engama-70 yokwahlukana.
"Ubomi obudlulileyo" bamatyala okubambisa
Ekuqaleni, iimali-mboleko zezindlu yayiziimali-mboleko ye-Balloon Payment kwixesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi mboleko zazinobuntununtunu kakhulu kwiinguqu kumaxabiso ezindlu, kwaye xa uKudodobala Okukhulu kwaqala, amaxabiso ezindlu aqhubeka ehla kwaye iibhanki zijongene nezixa ezinkulu zamatyala amabi, zidala umjikelo okhohlakeleyo owabangela ukuba abahlali baphulukane namakhaya abo kunye nenani elikhulu leebhanki. Iibhanki ziyatshona.
Emva kwentlekele, ukuze kukhuthazwe uqoqosho nokusombulula ingxaki yezindlu zabahlali, iUnited States yaqalisa ukunceda abahlali ekufumaneni iimali-mboleko zezindlu ngendlela yeziqinisekiso zikarhulumente.
I-Federal National Mortgage Association (i-FNMA okanye i-Fannie Mae) yasekwa ngo-1938 ngokuyintloko ukuze kuthengwe iimali-mboleko eziqinisekiswe yi-Federal Housing Administration (FHA) kunye ne-Veterans Administration (VA) kwaye yaqala ukuthenga i-non-government eqinisekisiwe ye-mortgages rhoqo ngo-1972.
Ngelo xesha, imarike yemali-mboleko xa iyonke yayingasebenzi kakuhle, kwaye ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokwahlulwa, iibhanki zotyalo-mali ziye zafumanisa ukuba ngokhuseleko lwe-asethi, zinokuthi zibole imali-mboleko yendawo yokuhlala kunye nesixa esikhulu semali kwinani elikhulu. iibhondi zeemali ezincinci, eziphucule kakhulu ukungabikho kwemali.
Ngoko ke, ngo-1970, urhulumente wenza i-Federal Home Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC okanye uFreddie Mac) ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo imarike yesibini yezindlu zokuhlala.
Ukudalwa kukaFreddie Mac kube negalelo ngokuthe ngqo kuphuhliso lwemarike yesibini yemali-mboleko yokuhlala kwaye wanika imvume yokuya phambili kwi-securitization ye-mortgage.
Umahluko phakathi koMboleki-mali we-Mortgage kunye neBhanki yoRhwebo
Xa umboleki ecinga ngokwenza isicelo semali mboleko yendlu, iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo kukuya ngqo ebhankini (iRetail Bank) okanye kwi-mortgage broker (Mortgage Lender).
Ibhanki yokuthengisa (ibhanki yorhwebo), kwelinye icala, idla ngokuba yinkampani exubeneyo enikezela ngeemali mboleko kunye neenkonzo zezimali ezifana nokonga, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, iimali-mboleko zemoto, kunye notyalo-mali.
Xa umboleki esondela kwibhanki ethile, baya kuba nokufikelela kuphela kulwazi kunye neenkonzo zebhanki, kwaye iinkonzo zebhanki zihlala zilinganiselwe kwi-mboleko ngokwayo, okwenza kube nzima ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo iingxaki zobudlelwane phakathi kwekhaya kunye nemali-mboleko.
Ngelixa imirhumo yebhanki yokuthengisa inokuba sezantsi, umbolekisi wezindlu ngokuqhelekileyo ubonelela ngenkonzo yobuchwephesha, impendulo ekhawulezayo, kunye nokhetho olubanzi lweemveliso kubaphulaphuli ababanzi.
Umbolekisi we-Mortgage unokubonelela ababoleki ngeengcebiso ezibanzi kunye nezobuchwephesha ngetyala, ukunceda iindwendwe ziphendule imibuzo eyahlukeneyo entsonkothileyo malunga neemali-mboleko kunye neepotfoliyo zenkxaso-mali, kwaye zifumane eyona ilungele umboleki phakathi kweemveliso ezininzi.
Oku kukwathetha ukuba isikhundla somboleki sithandeka ngakumbi kubaboleki, njengoko benokhetho oluninzi kunye neenzuzo ezibonakalayo.
Kunokuthiwa ukufumana umbolekisi olungileyo wemali-mboleko kunye nomsunguli wemali-mboleko yokuthenga indlu unokugcina imali yomboleki, ixesha, kwaye ufumane ulwazi lwemveliso olungcono okokuqala.
Inkcazo: Eli nqaku lihlelwe ngu-AAA LENDINGS;enye yemifanekiso ithathwe kwi-Intanethi, indawo yesiza ayimelwanga kwaye ayinakuphinda ishicilelwe ngaphandle kwemvume.Kukho imingcipheko kwimarike kwaye utyalo-mali kufuneka lulumke.Eli nqaku alibandakanyi iingcebiso zotyalo-mali lomntu, kwaye alithatheli ingqalelo iinjongo ezithile zotyalo-mali, imeko yezemali okanye iimfuno zabasebenzisi ngabanye.Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ukuba ngaba naziphi na izimvo, izimvo okanye izigqibo eziqulathwe apha zifanelekile na kwimeko yabo ethile.Tyala imali ngokufanelekileyo kumngcipheko wakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-22-2022